Events Pre-1600 1009 – Berber forces led by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeat the Umayyad caliph Muhammad II of Córdoba in the Battle of Qantish. 1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign. 1499 – The Catholicon, written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Breton dictionary as well as the first French dictionary. 1556 – Second Battle of Panipat: Fighting begins between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu king at Delhi and the forces of the Muslim emperor Akbar.
1601–1900 1605 – Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested in the cellars of the Houses of Parliament, where he had planted gunpowder in an attempt to blow up the building and kill King James I of England. 1688 – Prince William III of Orange lands with a Dutch fleet at Brixham to challenge the rule of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland). 1757 – Seven Years' War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach. 1768 – The Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies. 1780 – French-American forces under Colonel LaBalme are defeated by Miami Chief Little Turtle. 1811 – Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement. 1828 – Greek War of Independence: The French Morea expedition to recapture Morea (now the Peloponnese) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula. 1834 – Founding of the Free University of Brussels by Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen. 1862 – American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac. 1862 – American Indian Wars: In Minnesota, 303 Dakota warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to death. Thirty-eight are ultimately hanged and the others reprieved. 1872 – Women's suffrage in the United States: In defiance of the law, suffragist Susan B. Anthony votes for the first time, and is later fined $100. 1881 – In New Zealand, 1600 armed volunteers and constabulary field forces led by Minister of Native Affairs John Bryce march on the pacifist Māori settlement at Parihaka, evicting upwards of 2000 residents, and destroying the settlement in the context of the New Zealand land confiscations. 1895 – George B. Selden is granted the first U.S. patent for an automobile. 1898 – Negrese nationalists revolt against Spanish rule and establish the short-lived Republic of Negros.
1901–present 1911 – After declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on September 29, 1911, Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica. 1912 – Woodrow Wilson is elected the 28th President of the United States, defeating incumbent William Howard Taft. 1913 – King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III. 1914 – World War I: France and the British Empire declare war on the Ottoman Empire. 1916 – The Kingdom of Poland is proclaimed by the Act of 5th November of the emperors of Germany and Austria-Hungary. 1916 – The Everett massacre takes place in Everett, Washington as political differences lead to a shoot-out between the Industrial Workers of the World organizers and local police. 1917 – Tikhon is elected the Patriarch of Moscow and of the Russian Orthodox Church. 1925 – Secret agent Sidney Reilly, the first "super-spy" of the 20th century, is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union. 1940 – World War II: The British armed merchant cruiser is sunk by the German pocket battleship . 1940 – Franklin D. Roosevelt is the first and only President of the United States to be elected to a third term. 1943 – World War II: Bombing of the Vatican. 1945 – The three-day anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania commence. 1950 – Korean War: British and Australian forces from the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade successfully halted the advancing Chinese 117th Division during the Battle of Pakchon. 1955 – After being destroyed in World War II, the rebuilt Vienna State Opera reopens with a performance of Beethoven's Fidelio. 1956 – Suez Crisis: British and French paratroopers land in Egypt after a week-long bombing campaign. 1968 – Richard Nixon is elected as 37th President of the United States. 1970 – The Military Assistance Command, Vietnam reports the lowest weekly American soldier death toll in five years (24). 1983 – The Byford Dolphin diving bell accident kills five and leaves one severely injured. 1986 – , and visit Qingdao, China; the first US naval visit to China since 1949. 1990 – Rabbi Meir Kahane, founder of the far-right Kach movement, is shot dead after a speech at a New York City hotel. 1991 – Tropical Storm Thelma causes flash floods in the Philippine city of Ormoc, killing more than 4,900 people. 1995 – André Dallaire attempts to assassinate Prime Minister Jean Chrétien of Canada. He is thwarted when the Prime Minister's wife locks the door. 1996 – Pakistani President Farooq Leghari dismisses the government of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and dissolves the National Assembly. 1996 – Bill Clinton is reelected President of the United States. 2006 – Saddam Hussein, the former president of Iraq, and his co-defendants Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, are sentenced to death in the al-Dujail trial for their roles in the 1982 massacre of 148 Shia Muslims. 2007 – China's first lunar satellite, Chang'e 1, goes into orbit around the Moon. 2007 – The Android mobile operating system is unveiled by Google. 2009 – U.S. Army Major Nidal Hasan murders 13 and wounds 32 at Fort Hood, Texas in the deadliest mass shooting at a U.S. military installation. 2010 – JS Air Flight 201 crashes after takeoff from Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan, killing all 21 aboard. 2013 – India launches the Mars Orbiter Mission, its first interplanetary probe. 2015 – An iron ore tailings dam bursts in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, flooding a valley, causing mudslides in the nearby village of Bento Rodrigues and causing at least 17 deaths and two missing. 2015 – Rona Ambrose takes over after Stephen Harper as the Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. 2017 – Devin Patrick Kelley kills 26 and injures 22 in a church in Sutherland Springs, Texas. 2021 – The Astroworld Festival crowd crush results in 10 deaths and 25 people being hospitalized 2024 – Donald Trump becomes the first president of the United States to be elected to a non-consecutive second term in 132 years, since Grover Cleveland won the 1892 election.
Births Pre-1600 1271 – Ghazan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (died 1304) 1436 – Richard Grey, 3rd Earl of Tankerville, Earl of Tankerville, 1450–1460 (died 1466) 1494 – Hans Sachs, German poet and playwright (died 1576) 1549 – Philippe de Mornay, French theologian and author (died 1623) 1592 – Charles Chauncy, English-American pastor, theologian, and academic (died 1672)
1601–1900 1607 – Anna Maria van Schurman, Dutch painter (died 1678) 1613 – Isaac de Benserade, French poet and educator (died 1691) 1615 – Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire (died 1648) 1666 – Attilio Ariosti, Italian viola player and composer (died 1729) 1667 – Christoph Ludwig Agricola, German painter (died 1719) 1688 – Louis Bertrand Castel, French mathematician and philosopher (died 1757) 1701 – Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter and educator (died 1785) 1705 – Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, French violinist and composer (died 1770) 1715 – John Brown, English author and playwright (died 1766) 1722 – William Byron, 5th Baron Byron, English lieutenant and politician (died 1798) 1739 – Hugh Montgomerie, 12th Earl of Eglinton, Scottish composer and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ayrshire (died 1819) 1742 – Richard Cosway, English painter (died 1821) 1789 – William Bland, Australian surgeon and politician (died 1868) 1818 – Benjamin Butler, American general, lawyer, and politician, 33rd Governor of Massachusetts (died 1893) 1835 – Moritz Szeps, Ukrainian-Austrian journalist and publisher (died 1902) 1846 – Duncan Gordon Boyes, English soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross (died 1869) 1850 – Ella Wheeler Wilcox, American author and poet (died 1919) 1851 – Charles Dupuy, French academic and politician, 60th Prime Minister of France (died 1923) 1854 – Alphonse Desjardins, Canadian journalist and businessman, co-founded Desjardins Group (died 1920) 1854 – Paul Sabatier, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1941) 1855 – Eugene V. Debs, American union leader and politician (died 1926) 1855 – Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist and climatologist (died 1913) 1857 – Ida Tarbell, American journalist, author, reformer, and educator (died 1944) 1870 – Chittaranjan Das, Indian lawyer and politician (died 1925) 1873 – Edwin Flack, Australian tennis player and runner (died 1935) 1879 – Otto Wahle, Austrian-American swimmer and coach (died 1963) 1881 – George A. Malcolm, American lawyer and jurist (died 1961) 1883 – P Moe Nin, Burmese author and translator (died 1940) 1884 – James Elroy Flecker, English author, poet, and playwright (died 1915) 1885 – Will Durant, American historian and philosopher (died 1981) 1886 – Sadae Inoue, Japanese general (died 1961) 1887 – Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-American pianist and educator (died 1961) 1890 – Jan Zrzavý, Czech painter and illustrator (died 1977) 1892 – J. B. S. Haldane, English-Indian geneticist and biologist (died 1964) 1892 – John Alcock, captain in the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force, copilot of the first non-stop trans-Atlantic flight (died 1919) 1893 – Raymond Loewy, French-American engineer and designer (died 1986) 1894 – Beardsley Ruml, American economist and statistician (died 1960) 1895 – Walter Gieseking, French-German pianist and composer (died 1956) 1895 – Charles MacArthur, American playwright and screenwriter (died 1956) 1899 – Margaret Atwood Judson, American historian and author (died 1991) 1900 – Natalie Schafer, American actress (died 1991) 1900 – Ethelwynn Trewavas, British ichthyologist, over a dozen fish species named in her honor (died 1993)
1901–present 1901 – Etta Moten Barnett, American actress and singer (died 2004) 1901 – Martin Dies, Jr., American lawyer, judge and politician (died 1972) 1901 – Eddie Paynter, English cricketer (died 1979) 1904 – Cooney Weiland, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 1985) 1905 – Joel McCrea, American actor (died 1990) 1905 – Louis Rosier, French racing driver (died 1956) 1905 – Sajjad Zaheer, Indian author and poet (died 1973) 1906 – Endre Kabos, Hungarian fencer (died 1944) 1906 – Fred Lawrence Whipple, American astronomer and academic (died 2004) 1910 – John Hackett, Australian-English general and academic (died 1997) 1911 – Marie Osborne Yeats, American actress and costume designer (died 2010) 1911 – Roy Rogers, American singer, guitarist and actor (died 1998) 1912 – W. Allen Wallis, American economist and statistician (died 1998) 1913 – Guy Green, English-American director, screenwriter and cinematographer (died 2005) 1913 – Vivien Leigh, Indian-British actress (died 1967) 1913 – John McGiver, American actor (died 1975) 1914 – Alton Tobey, American painter and illustrator (died 2005) 1917 – Jacqueline Auriol, French pilot (died 2000) 1917 – Banarsi Das Gupta, Indian activist and politician, 4th Chief Minister of Haryana (died 2007) 1917 – James Lawton Collins Jr., American brigadier general (died 2002) 1917 – Giuseppe Salvioli, Italian football player 1919 – Hasan Askari, Pakistani linguist, scholar and critic (died 1978) 1919 – Myron Floren, American accordionist and pianist (died 2005) 1920 – Tommy Godwin, American-English cyclist and coach (died 2012) 1920 – Douglass North, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2015)