The foreign relations of Romania is the policy arm of the Government of Romania which guides its interactions with other nations, their citizens and foreign organizations, as well as its status as a member of the European Union, NATO and other international organizations Romania is part of.
Previously a totalitarian state that has faced a revolution and changed its regime at the end of the Cold War, Romania transitioned to a foreign policy centered on Euro-Atlantic integration. Romania joined NATO on 29 March 2004, and the European Union on 1 January 2007, which inadvertently led to positive relations with countries affiliated with those blocks and diminishing of relations with former communist allies such as North Korea, China, Russia or states from the Middle East.
Romania is often classified as a middle power given its strategic geographic position, economic growth capabilities and participation in multilateral institutions that shape geopolitical outcomes of major importance. Romania fosters regional cooperation through initiatives such as BSEC, the Three Seas Initiative, Bucharest Nine, Craiova Group and is also part of the Schengen Area.Bernard Wood, 'Towards North-South Middle Power Coalitions', in Middle Power Internationalism: The North-South Dimension, edited by Cranford Pratt (Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990).
As a semi-presidential state widely recognized as democratic, Romania prioritizes multilateralism, collective security and democratic values and maintains close to very close relations with each of its five neighbours given mutual past cooperation, culture or other aspects.
Diplomatic relations List of countries which Romania maintains diplomatic relations with: #CountryDate1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829—3031—3233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136—137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191
Relations by continent Multilateral Organization Formal Relations BeganNotesThe 1970s.See 2007 enlargement of the European Union Romania is widely recognized to be the first communist state to maintain relations with the European Union and has been the sole communist state part of the Warsaw Pact to have friendly relations with the West.
Romania signed its Europe Agreement on 1 February 1993, and has submitted its official application for membership in the European Union on 22 June 1995, alongside the Snagov Declaration, signed a day prior as a declaration of all major fourteen political parties of the country at that moment that they commit to consider the European integration as a key policy of each of them.
During the early 2000s, Romania (as well as Bulgaria, the other country part of the same wave of accession) implemented various reforms in order to be eligible for European integration, and on 17 December 2004, it has received its final accession date. Romania joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 2007.The 1990s. See Romania in NATO As a former member of the Eastern Bloc, relations with NATO in the second part of the 20th century for Romania were mostly negative, but took a drastic turn after the transition to a democratic government in 1989. In the early 1990s, Romania became a key ally of NATO given its desire to become part of the organization and strategic geopolitic position.
Romania became part of the Partnership for Peace on 26 January 1994, and took part in its first NATO exercises in September of the same year, in Poland. It has supported NATO in its peacekeeping missions in countries such as Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Afghanistan and has allowed NATO forces to use its airspace during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.
Romania was officially invited to join NATO at the Prague Summit of 21–22 November 2002 and became part of the organization on 29 March 2004, alongside Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia.
Europe (Inside the European Union)
Romania joined the European Union (EU) on 1 January 2007.
Country Formal relations beganNotes1878-09-23See Austria–Romania relations Austria has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Vienna and a consulate-general in Salzburg. Both countries are full members of the European Union.1879-07-28See Bulgaria–Romania relations Bulgaria has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Sofia. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO. Bulgaria and Romania were in the same wave of accession and joined the European Union together on January 1, 2007. Bulgaria and Romania are neighbouring countries sharing a 631 km border.1941-05-13See Croatia–Romania relations Croatia has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Zagreb. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1917-04-26See Denmark–Romania relations Denmark has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Copenhagen. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1920-06-28See Finland–Romania relations Finland has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Helsinki. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1880-02-20See France–Romania relations France has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Paris and consulates–general in Lyon, Marseille and Strasbourg. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1880-02-20See Germany–Romania relations Germany has an embassy in Bucharest and consulates in Sibiu and Timișoara. Romania has an embassy in Berlin and consulates-general in Bonn, Munich and Stuttgart. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1880-01-08See Greece–Romania relations Greece has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Athens and an consulate–general in Thessaloniki. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1920-08-21See Hungary–Romania relations Hungary has an embassy in Bucharest and consulates-general in Cluj-Napoca and Miercurea Ciuc. Romania has an embassy in Budapest and consulates-general in Gyula and Szeged. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO. Hungary and Romania are neighbouring countries sharing a 440 km border. Ethnic Hungarians represent the largest minority in Romania, accounting for about 6% of the total population.1990-04-18See Ireland–Romania relations Ireland has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Dublin. Both countries are full members of the European Union.1879-12-06See Italy–Romania relations Italy has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Rome, consulates-general in Bari, Bologna, Milan, Trieste, Turin and a consulate in Catania. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO. Romanians represent the largest foreign community in Italy, at about 20% of all foreign citizens living in Italy.1924-08-21See Lithuania–Romania relations Lithuania has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Vilnius. The Romanian Embassy in Vilnius is accredited to Latvia as well. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1880-01-24See Netherlands–Romania relations The Netherlands has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in The Hague. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1919-02-22See Poland–Romania relations Poland has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Warsaw. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1917-08-31See Portugal–Romania relations Portugal has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Lisbon. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1993-01-01See Romania–Slovakia relations Romania has an embassy in Bratislava. Slovakia has an embassy in Bucharest. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1992-08-28See Romania–Slovenia relations Romania has an embassy in Ljubljana. Slovenia has an embassy in Bucharest. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1881-07-05See Romania–Spain relations Romania has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Bucharest. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.1916-03-18See Romania–Sweden relations Romania has an embassy in Stockholm. Sweden has an embassy in Bucharest. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Europe (Outside of the European Union) Country Formal relations beganNotes 1913-12-28See Albania–Romania relations1991-12-17See Armenia–Romania relations Armenia has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Yerevan. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.1992-02-14See Belarus–Romania relations1996-03-01See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Romania relations1921-02-18See Georgia–Romania relations 1920-06-12See Holy See–Romania relations1991-08-27See Moldova–Romania relations Moldova and Romania enjoy an extraordinary relation ever since Moldova achieved its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Moldova is the subject of a popular irredentist movement in Romania calling for Moldova's incorporation in Romania, Pan-Romanianism being a key feature in politics of both countries. Moldova has been part of modern Romania from 1918 to 1940. Romanian is the official language of Moldova. Moldovans and Romanians share common traditions, folklore and are often considered the same ethnic group. Romania and Moldova are neighbouring countries sharing 681 km of border. Romania is a member state of the European Union, while Moldova is a candidate since 2022. Romania is a strong supporter of Moldova's European integration. Romania has an embassy in Chișinău, consulate-generals in Chișinău, Bălți and Cahul and a consular office in Ungheni. Moldova has an embassy in Bucharest, a consulate-general in Iași and honorary-consulates in Timișoara, Cluj-Napoca and Baia Mare. Moldovans represent the biggest foreign ethnic group that are the subject of immigration to Romania, accounting for more than 40% of foreign-born residents of Romania. Around 30% of Moldova's residents hold Romanian citizenship as a result of citizenship laws passed by the Government of Romania.2006-08-09See Montenegro–Romania relations1917-05-03See Norway–Romania relations1878-10-12See Romania–Russia relations As a member of the European Union and NATO, Romania is on Russia's "unfriendly country list"1841-04-19[Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.See Romania–Serbia relations Romania and Serbia are neighbouring countries sharing 546 km of border. Romania is a member state of the European Union, while Serbia is a candidate since 2012. Romania is a strong supporter of Serbia's European integration. Romania has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate-general in both Vršac and Zaječar. Serbia has an embassy in Bucharest and a consulate-general in Timișoara. Romania and Serbia have traditionally held close relations between them and achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire at the same time. Romania is a strong supporter of Serbia's territorial integrity and is one of the five countries member of the European Union that has not recognized Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia in 2008. Romanian is one of the official languages in Serbia's Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.Sovereign Military Order of Malta has no sovereign territory. It is listed in Europe: Mediterranean microstates due to its extraterritorial headquarters in Rome, Italy and few properties in Italy with extraterritoriality status.1992 See Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta