The 101st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1989, to January 3, 1991, during the final weeks of Ronald Reagan's presidency and the first two years of George H. W. Bush's presidency.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1980 United States census. Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority.
Major events
January 20, 1989: George H. W. Bush became President of the United States February 9, 1989: President Bush addressed a joint session of Congress February 23, 1989: Senate Armed Services Committee rejected President Bush's nomination of John Tower for Secretary of Defense March 24, 1989: Exxon Valdez oil spill December 20, 1989: Operation Just Cause launched to overthrow Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega
Major legislation
Enacted April 10, 1989: Whistleblower Protection Act, , August 9, 1989: Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, , October 28, 1989: Flag Protection Act of 1989, , May 22, 1990: Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989, , July 26, 1990: Americans with Disabilities Act, , August 18, 1990: Oil Pollution Act of 1990, , August 18, 1990: Ryan White CARE Act of 1990, , September 25, 1990: Hotel and Motel Fire Safety Act of 1990, , October 30, 1990: Native American Languages Act of 1990, , October 30, 1990: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990. , November 5, 1990: Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, , (including Human Genome Project funding) November 12, 1990: Water Resources Development Act of 1990 (WRDA 1990), November 15, 1990: Administrative Dispute Resolution Act, , November 15, 1990: Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990, , November 16, 1990: Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, , November 16, 1990: Global Change Research Act of 1990, , November 28, 1990: Tongass Timber Reform Act, November 28, 1990: Food and Drug Administration Revitalization Act, , November 29, 1990: Negotiated Rulemaking Act, , November 29, 1990: Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990, , November 29, 1990: Immigration Act of 1990, , November 29, 1990: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, , December 1, 1990: Judicial Improvements Act of 1990, , (including Visual Artists Rights Act)
Vetoed October 22, 1990: Civil Rights Act of 1990, . Override attempt failed in Senate, 66-34 (1 vote short of needed to override).
Treaties ratified March 1, 1989: Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, an international treaty on copyrights, ratified
Party summary
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate
President: George H. W. Bush (R), until January 20, 1989 Dan Quayle (R), from January 20, 1989 President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D)
Democratic majority Majority Leader: George J. Mitchell Majority Whip: Alan Cranston Policy Committee Co-Chair: Harry Reid Democratic Caucus Secretary: David Pryor Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: John Breaux Chief Deputy Whip: Alan J. Dixon
Republican minority Minority Leader: Bob Dole Minority Whip: Alan K. Simpson Republican Conference Chairman: John Chafee Republican Conference Secretary: Thad Cochran National Senatorial Committee Chair: Don Nickles Policy Committee Chairman: William L. Armstrong
House of Representatives
Speaker: Jim Wright (D), until June 6, 1989 Tom Foley (D), from June 6, 1989
Democratic majority Majority Leader: Tom Foley, until June 6, 1989 Dick Gephardt, from June 6, 1989 Majority Whip: Tony Coelho, until June 15, 1989 William H. Gray III, from June 15, 1989 Chief Deputy Majority Whip: David Bonior Democratic Caucus Chairman: William H. Gray III, until June 15, 1989 Steny Hoyer, from June 15, 1989 Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: Steny Hoyer, until June 21, 1989 Vic Fazio, from June 21, 1989 Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Beryl Anthony Jr.
Republican minority Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel Minority Whip: Dick Cheney, until March 20, 1989 Newt Gingrich, from March 20, 1989 Chief Deputy Whip: Robert Smith Walker Republican Conference Chairman: Jerry Lewis Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Bill McCollum Republican Conference Secretary: Vin Weber Policy Committee Chairman: Mickey Edwards Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander Jagt
Caucuses Congressional Arts Caucus Congressional Automotive Caucus Biomedical Research Caucus Congressional Black Caucus Congressional Fire Services Caucus Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus Congressional Hispanic Caucus Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus Congresswomen's Caucus House Democratic Caucus Senate Democratic Caucus
Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1990; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1992; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1994.
Alabama 2. Howell Heflin (D) 3. Richard Shelby (D)
Alaska 2. Ted Stevens (R) 3. Frank Murkowski (R)
Arizona 1. Dennis DeConcini (D) 3. John McCain (R)
Arkansas 2. David Pryor (D) 3. Dale Bumpers (D)
California 1. Pete Wilson (R) 3. Alan Cranston (D)
Colorado 2. William L. Armstrong (R) 3. Tim Wirth (D)
Connecticut 1. Joe Lieberman (D) 3. Chris Dodd (D)
Delaware 1. William Roth (R) 2. Joe Biden (D)
Florida 1. Connie Mack III (R) 3. Bob Graham (D)
Georgia 2. Sam Nunn (D) 3. Wyche Fowler (D)
Hawaii 1. Spark Matsunaga (D), until April 15, 1990 Daniel Akaka (D), from May 16, 1990 3. Daniel Inouye (D)
Idaho 2. James A. McClure (R) 3. Steve Symms (R)
Illinois 2. Paul Simon (D) 3. Alan J. Dixon (D)
Indiana 1. Richard Lugar (R) 3. Dan Coats (R)
Iowa 2. Tom Harkin (D) 3. Chuck Grassley (R)
Kansas 2. Nancy Kassebaum (R) 3. Bob Dole (R)
Kentucky 2. Mitch McConnell (R) 3. Wendell Ford (D)
Louisiana 2. J. Bennett Johnston (D) 3. John Breaux (D)
Maine 1. George J. Mitchell (D) 2. William Cohen (R)
Maryland 1. Paul Sarbanes (D) 3. Barbara Mikulski (D)
Massachusetts 1. Ted Kennedy (D) 2. John Kerry (D)
Michigan 1. Donald Riegle (D) 2. Carl Levin (D)
Minnesota 1. David Durenberger (I-R) 2. Rudy Boschwitz (I-R)
Mississippi 1. Trent Lott (R) 2. Thad Cochran (R)
Missouri 1. John Danforth (R) 3. Kit Bond (R)
Montana 1. Conrad Burns (R) 2. Max Baucus (D)
Nebraska 1. Bob Kerrey (D) 2. J. James Exon (D)
Nevada 1. Richard Bryan (D) 3. Harry Reid (D)
New Hampshire 2. Gordon J. Humphrey (R), until December 4, 1990 Bob Smith (R), from December 7, 1990 3. Warren Rudman (R)
New Jersey 1. Frank Lautenberg (D) 2. Bill Bradley (D)
New Mexico 1. Jeff Bingaman (D) 2. Pete Domenici (R)
New York 1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D) 3. Al D'Amato (R)
North Carolina 2. Jesse Helms (R) 3. Terry Sanford (D)
North Dakota 1. Quentin Burdick (D-NPL) 3. Kent Conrad (D-NPL)
Ohio 1. Howard Metzenbaum (D) 3. John Glenn (D)
Oklahoma 2. David Boren (D) 3. Don Nickles (R)
Oregon 2. Mark Hatfield (R) 3. Bob Packwood (R)
Pennsylvania 1. John Heinz (R) 3. Arlen Specter (R)
Rhode Island 1. John Chafee (R) 2. Claiborne Pell (D)
South Carolina 2. Strom Thurmond (R) 3. Fritz Hollings (D)
South Dakota 2. Larry Pressler (R) 3. Tom Daschle (D)
Tennessee 1. Jim Sasser (D) 2. Al Gore (D)
Texas 1. Lloyd Bentsen (D) 2. Phil Gramm (R)
Utah 1. Orrin Hatch (R) 3. Jake Garn (R)
Vermont 1. Jim Jeffords (R) 3. Patrick Leahy (D)
Virginia 1. Chuck Robb (D) 2. John Warner (R)
Washington 1. Slade Gorton (R) 3. Brock Adams (D)
West Virginia 1. Robert Byrd (D) 2. Jay Rockefeller (D)
Wisconsin 1. Herb Kohl (D) 3. Bob Kasten (R)
Wyoming 1. Malcolm Wallop (R) 2. Alan Simpson (R)
House of Representatives
The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Alabama . Sonny Callahan (R) . William Louis Dickinson (R) . Glen Browder (D), from April 4, 1989 . Tom Bevill (D) . Ronnie Flippo (D) . Ben Erdreich (D) . Claude Harris Jr. (D)
Alaska . Don Young (R)
Arizona . John Jacob Rhodes III (R) . Mo Udall (D) . Bob Stump (R) . Jon Kyl (R) . Jim Kolbe (R)
Arkansas . William Vollie Alexander Jr. (D) . Tommy F. Robinson (D then R), switched parties July 28, 1989) . John Paul Hammerschmidt (R) . Beryl Anthony Jr. (D)
California . Douglas H. Bosco (D) . Wally Herger (R) . Bob Matsui (D) . Vic Fazio (D) . Nancy Pelosi (D) . Barbara Boxer (D) . George Miller (D) . Ron Dellums (D) . Pete Stark (D) . Don Edwards (D) . Tom Lantos (D) . Tom Campbell (R) . Norman Mineta (D) . Norman D. Shumway (R) . Tony Coelho (D), until June 15, 1989 Gary Condit (D), from September 12, 1989 . Leon Panetta (D) . Chip Pashayan (R) . Richard H. Lehman (D) . Robert J. Lagomarsino (R) . Bill Thomas (R) . Elton Gallegly (R) . Carlos Moorhead (R) . Anthony Beilenson (D) . Henry Waxman (D) . Edward R. Roybal (D) . Howard Berman (D) . Mel Levine (D) . Julian Dixon (D) . Augustus Hawkins (D) . Matthew G. Martínez (D) . Mervyn Dymally (D) . Glenn M. Anderson (D) . David Dreier (R) . Esteban Edward Torres (D) . Jerry Lewis (R) . George Brown Jr. (D) . Al McCandless (R) . Bob Dornan (R) . William E. Dannemeyer (R) . Christopher Cox (R) . Bill Lowery (R) . Dana Rohrabacher (R) . Ron Packard (R) . Jim Bates (D) . Duncan L. Hunter (R)
Colorado . Pat Schroeder (D) . David Skaggs (D) . Ben Nighthorse Campbell (D) . Hank Brown (R) . Joel Hefley (R) . Dan Schaefer (R)
Connecticut . Barbara B. Kennelly (D) . Sam Gejdenson (D) . Bruce Morrison (D) . Chris Shays (R) . John G. Rowland (R) . Nancy Johnson (R)
Delaware . Tom Carper (D)
Florida . Earl Hutto (D) . Bill Grant (D then R), switched parties February 21, 1989 . Charles E. Bennett (D) . Craig James (R) . Bill McCollum (R) . Cliff Stearns (R) . Sam Gibbons (D) . Bill Young (R) . Michael Bilirakis (R) . Andy Ireland (R) . Bill Nelson (D) . Tom Lewis (R) . Porter Goss (R) . Harry Johnston (D) . Clay Shaw (R) . Lawrence J. Smith (D) . William Lehman (D) . Claude Pepper (D), until May 30, 1989 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R), from August 29, 1989 . Dante Fascell (D)
Georgia . Lindsay Thomas (D) . Charles Floyd Hatcher (D) . Richard Ray (D) . Ben Jones (D) . John Lewis (D) . Newt Gingrich (R) . George Darden (D) . J. Roy Rowland (D) . Ed Jenkins (D) . Doug Barnard Jr. (D)
Hawaii . Pat Saiki (R) . Daniel Akaka (D), until May 16, 1990 Patsy Mink (D), from September 22, 1990
Idaho . Larry Craig (R) . Richard H. Stallings (D)
Illinois . Charles Hayes (D) . Gus Savage (D) . Marty Russo (D) . George E. Sangmeister (D) . Bill Lipinski (D) . Henry Hyde (R) . Cardiss Collins (D) . Dan Rostenkowski (D) . Sidney R. Yates (D) . John Porter (R) . Frank Annunzio (D) . Phil Crane (R) . Harris W. Fawell (R) . Dennis Hastert (R) . Edward Madigan (R) . Lynn Morley Martin (R) . Lane Evans (D) . Robert H. Michel (R) . Terry L. Bruce (D) . Dick Durbin (D) . Jerry Costello (D) . Glenn Poshard (D)
Indiana . Pete Visclosky (D) . Philip Sharp (D) . John P. Hiler (R) . Jill L. Long (D), from March 28, 1989 . Jim Jontz (D) . Dan Burton (R) . John T. Myers (R) . Frank McCloskey (D) . Lee H. Hamilton (D) . Andrew Jacobs Jr. (D)
Iowa . Jim Leach (R)