Cercopithecoidea is a superfamily of primates. Members of this family are called cercopithecoids, or Old World monkeys, and include baboons, colobuses, guenons, lutungs, macaques, and other types of monkeys. Cercopithecoidea contains only a single family, Cercopithecidae, and includes nearly half of the species in the suborder Haplorhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. Cercopithecoids are found in Asia and Africa, generally in forests, though some species can be found in shrublands, wetlands, and caves. They range in size from the Gabon talapoin, at plus a tail, to the Chacma baboon, at plus a tail. Cercopithecoids primarily eat leaves, fruit, and seeds. Most cercopithecoids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 30 mature individuals to 100,000. Forty-eight species are categorized as endangered, and a further twenty-six species are categorized as critically endangered.
The 158 extant species of Cercopithecidae are divided into two subfamilies: Cercopithecinae, containing 78 baboon, guenon, macaque, and other monkey species divided between thirteen genera, and Colobinae, containing 80 colobus, lutung, and other monkey species divided between ten genera. Dozens of extinct prehistoric cercopithecoid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.
Conventions
The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the cercopithecoid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct genera, species, or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "".
Classification The superfamily Cercopithecoidea consists of one extant family, Cercopithecidae, which itself consists of two extant subfamilies: Cercopithecinae, containing 78 species divided into thirteen genera, and Colobinae, containing 80 species divided into ten genera.
Subfamily Cercopithecinae Genus Allenopithecus (Allen's swamp monkey): one species Genus Allochrocebus (terrestrial guenons): three species Genus Cercocebus (white-eyelid mangabeys): seven species Genus Cercopithecus (guenons): nineteen species Genus Chlorocebus (vervet monkeys): seven species Genus Erythrocebus (patas monkeys): three species Genus Lophocebus (crested mangabeys): two species Genus Macaca (macaques): twenty-four species Genus Mandrillus (mandrills): two species Genus Miopithecus (talapoins): two species Genus Papio (baboons): six species Genus Rungwecebus (kipunji): one species Genus Theropithecus (gelada): one species
Subfamily Colobinae Genus Colobus (black-and-white colobuses): five species Genus Nasalis (proboscis monkey): one species Genus Piliocolobus (red colobuses): fifteen species Genus Presbytis (surilis): nineteen species Genus Procolobus (olive colobus): one species Genus Pygathrix (doucs): three species Genus Rhinopithecus (snub-nosed monkeys): five species Genus Semnopithecus (gray langurs): eight species Genus Simias (pig-tailed langur): one species Genus Trachypithecus (lutungs): twenty-one species
Cercopithecoids The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.
Subfamily Cercopithecinae
Subfamily Colobinae
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