There have been several individuals throughout history who served as head of state or head of government (such as president, prime minister or monarch) of their nation states and later became prisoners. Any serving or former head who was placed under house arrest, overthrown in a coup or became a prisoner of war is also included. Leaders who were kidnapped by insurgents or those who received an Interpol notice that was not consummated are not included.

Africa

Portrait Name Countries Official position Laterimprisonment Reason Muhammad VIII al-Amin Bey of Tunis (1943–1956) & King of Tunisia (1956–1957) 1957 Overthrown Patrice Lumumba Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1960) 1961 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) Ahmed Ben Bella President of Algeria (1963–1965) 1965 Overthrown Ntare V of Burundi King of Burundi (1966) 1966 Overthrown Alphonse Massamba-Débat President of the Republic of the Congo (1963–1968) 1968 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) Modibo Keïta President of Mali (1960–1968) 1968 OverthrownP. J. Imperato, Mali: a search for direction, p. 69P. Diarra, Cent ans de catholicisme au Mali, p. 273 Idris of Libya King of Libya (1951–1969) 1969 Overthrown Hamani Diori President of Niger (1960–1974) 1974 Overthrown Haile Selassie Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974) 1974 Overthrown Moktar Ould Daddah President of Mauritania (1960–1978) 1978 Overthrown Ali Soilih Head of State of the Comoros (1976–1978) 1978 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) Ignatius Kutu Acheampong Head of state of Ghana (1972–1978) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) Akwasi Afrifa Head of state of Ghana (1969–1970) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) Fred Akuffo Head of state of Ghana (1978–1979) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) Francisco Macías Nguema President of Equatorial Guinea (1968–1979) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) Luís Cabral President of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1980) 1980 Overthrown Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla President of Mauritania (1980–1984) 1984 Colluding with a foreign power Jean-Bédel Bokassa President of the Central African Republic (1966–1976)Emperor of Central Africa (1976–1979) 1987 Murder Mengistu Haile Mariam President of Ethiopia (1987–1991) 1991 Overthrown Moussa Traoré President of Mali (1968–1991) 1993 Overthrown Jean Kambanda Prime Minister of Rwanda (1994) 1998 Crimes against humanity Canaan Banana President of Zimbabwe (1980–1987) 1999 Homosexuality João Bernardo Vieira President of Guinea-Bissau (1980–1984, 1984–1999, 2005–2009) 1999 Overthrown Kumba Ialá President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003) 2003 Overthrown Pasteur Bizimungu President of Rwanda (1994–2000) 2004 Corruption Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya President of Mauritania (1984–2005) 2005 Overthrown Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2004–2006) 2007 Corruption Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi President of Mauritania (2007–2008) 2008 Overthrown Mohamed Bacar State of Anjouan President of Anjouan (2001–2008) 2008 Illegally entering a country Marc Ravalomanana President of Madagascar (2005–2009) 2010 Murder Mamadou Tandja President of Niger (1999–2010) 2010 Overthrown Eugène Koffi Adoboli Prime Minister of Togo (1999–2000) 2011 Corruption Abuzed Omar Dorda Prime Minister of Libya (1990–1994) 2011 Crimes against humanity Baghdadi Mahmudi Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006–2011) 2011 Illegally entering a country Muammar Gaddafi Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011) & Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977) 2011 Overthrown Hosni Mubarak President of Egypt (1981–2011) 2011 Overthrown Zine El Abidine Ben Ali President of Tunisia (1987–2011) 2011 Overthrown Charles Taylor President of Liberia (1997–2003) 2012 Crimes against humanity Raimundo Pereira President of Guinea-Bissau (2009, 2012) 2012 Overthrown François Bozizé President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013) 2013 Overthrown Ephraïm Inoni Prime Minister of Cameroon (2004–2009) 2013 Corruption Mohamed Morsi President of Egypt (2012–2013) 2013 Overthrown Hissène Habré President of Chad (1982–1990) 2016 Crimes against humanity Robert Mugabe Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017) 2017 Overthrown Hama Amadou Prime Minister of Niger (1995–1996 & 2000–2007) 2017 Child smuggling Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi President of the Comoros (2006–2011) 2018 Corruption Youcef Yousfi Prime Minister of Algeria (2014) 2019 Corruption Abdelmalek Sellal Prime Minister of Algeria (2012–2017) 2019 Corruption Ahmed Ouyahia Prime Minister of Algeria (1995–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2012 & 2017–2019) 2019 Corruption Mohamed Tahir Ayala Prime Minister of Sudan (2019) 2019 Overthrown Omar al-Bashir President of Sudan (1989–2019) 2019 Overthrown Guillaume Soro Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012) 2020 Corruption Tom Thabane Prime Minister of Lesotho (2012–2015 & 2017–2020) 2020 Murder Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta President of Mali (2013–2020) 2020 Overthrown Pierre Habumuremyi Prime Minister of Rwanda (2011–2014) 2020 Fraud Bah Ndaw President of Mali (2020–2021) 2021 Overthrown Moctar Ouane Prime Minister of Mali (2020–2021) 2021 Overthrown Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz President of Mauritania (2009–2019) 2021 Corruption Yahya Ould Hademine Prime Minister of Mauritania (2014–2018) 2021 Corruption Mohamed Salem Ould Béchir Prime Minister of Mauritania (2018–2019) 2021 Corruption Jacob Zuma President of South Africa (2009–2018) 2021 Corruption Alpha Condé President of Guinea (2010–2021) 2021 Overthrown Roch Marc Christian Kaboré President of Burkina Faso (2015–2022) 2022 OverthrownMoussa Dadis CamaraPresident of Guinea (2008–2010)2022Imprisoned before trial Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba President of Burkina Faso (2022) 2022 Overthrown Ibrahima Kassory Fofana Prime Minister of Guinea (2018–2021) 2022 Embezzlement Blaise Compaoré President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014) 2022 Murder Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni Prime Minister of Burundi (2020–2022) 2023 Attempted coup Noureddine Bedoui Prime Minister of Algeria (2019) 2023 Corruption Mohamed Bazoum President of Niger (2021–2023) 2023 Overthrown Ali Bongo Ondimba President of Gabon (2009–2023) 2023 Overthrown Ali Laarayedh Prime Minister of Tunisia (2013–2014) 2025 Terrorism Youssef Chahed Prime Minister of Tunisia (2016–2020) 2025 Terrorism Matata Ponyo Mapon Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2012–2016) 2025 Corruption

Asia