The following is an incomplete timeline of events that followed the Bahraini uprising of 2011 from July to December 2011. This phase saw many popular protests, escalation in violence and the establishment of an independent government commission to look into the previous events.
July 2011
July 2
Forum for reconciliation talks between Bahrain government and the Shia opposition, including Al Wefaq, begin. Talks scheduled to continue through July.
8 July
The Iranian Foreign Ministry demanded the withdrawal of Saudi Arabian troops from Bahrain, which had still not occurred as of the time of Tehran's statement. Iran set Saudi Arabian withdrawal as a precondition for dialogue between the two rival Middle Eastern powers.
In Bahrain, Al Wefaq announced it would not participate fully in the "national dialogue" urged by King Hamad. Khalil al-Marzooq, speaking for the movement, said Al Wefaq will boycott committees to discuss economic and social issues while continuing to participate in committees on politics and human rights. Marzooq claimed, "This dialogue will not lead to a solution ... and it does not fulfill the needs to pull Bahrain out of its political crisis."
13 July
Ayat Al-Qurmezi was suddenly released and hundreds of people gathered nearby her house in Sanad to welcome her nearby her."We congratulate the family of Ayat Al-Qurmezi on her release", Nabeel Rajab, 13 July 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011."People welcome for Ayat shows that repression can create heroes", Nabeel Rajab, 13 July 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2011. However, her sentence has not been revoked. Her family fear that she might be re-arrested, as she has not been pardoned and her release was not the result of an appeal against her one-year sentence. She is currently under house arrest.Staff (14 July 2011). "Bahrain Puts Protest Poet under House Arrest". Reuters. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
17 July
Al Wefaq, which had previously declared it would only participate in half of the committees of the "National Dialogue" established by the Bahraini government, pulled out of the negotiations entirely. Party officials said seats were allocated in a way that deliberately marginalized Shi'a Muslims, allotting them 35 out of 300 seats even though Shi'a candidates were elected to nearly half of the seats up for election the previous year. The move suggested that while popular protests had been largely suppressed, the opposition movement continued to push back against the regime.
August 2011
4 August
Al Jazeera English released a fifty-minute documentary film about the Bahraini uprising entitled Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark, which highlights continuing anti-government protests by Bahraini Shias and shows how Facebook was used to target pro-democracy activists"unmasking Shia traitors"and catalogues human rights abuses by the regime."Bahrain Protests to Qatar over Al-Jazeera Film".The Guardian.
7 August Bahrain protested to its neighbour Qatar about the recent Al Jazeera English documentary film on the uprising. Khamis al-Rumaihi, a Sunni MP, alleged a "hidden agenda" and accused Al Jazeera, owned by the emir of Qatar, of trying to foment unrest and undo the benefits of Bahrain's national dialogue.
Bahrain released ex-MPs Jawad Fairouz and Matar Ibrahim Matar, of the Al Wefaq opposition party."Bahrain Frees Two Former Opposition MPs". Al Jazeera English.
8 August A Sitra-based correspondent for The Guardian reported that protests and repression in Bahrain were still ongoing, just more quietly than in the heyday of the uprising.
11 August Ahead of a proposed protest march to the site of the former Pearl Roundabout, tanks and police vehicles blocked roads to the site, multiple witnesses reported to the Associated Press. State-run media announced 23 Health Ministry employees in Bahrain would likely lose their jobs over their alleged role during the uprising, while 200 suspended employees would be asked to "temporarily" return to work. It was not immediately clear what the workers to be fired were accused of, or why the suspended workers were being reinstated.
13 August Al Wefaq announced it would boycott September's parliamentary elections, claiming that the elections would not be free and fair and arguing that lack of democratic reforms rendered the lower house of parliament functionally irrelevant, as the upper house, which is constituted by appointed legislators rather than democratically elected ones, can overrule its decisions.
15 August A mob of hundreds of Bahrainis stormed the office of the international Bahrain Commission of Inquiry after local news reported that the commission absolved government officials of wrongdoing over the crackdown, forcing the office's closure. The commission denied the news reports and said its investigation was ongoing.
28 August King Hamad announced a pardon for many protesters, saying that "we today announce that we forgive them" for "abusing us and senior officials in Bahrain". He also outlined a plan under which detainees who had proven abuse by security forces could receive financial compensation. The king said that trials of political dissidents not covered by the pardon would continue, but promised to move military trials of protesters to civil courts.
30 August The government announced that 20-year-old poet Ayat al-Qurmezi, who received a year in prison for using her poetry to criticise the crackdown, was one of the people pardoned by the king.
31 August A 14-year-old boy called Ali Jawad al-Sheikh was reportedly struck and killed by a tear gas canister while attending an anti-government demonstration in Sitra after morning prayers. Police said they were investigating how the boy died.
September 2011
1 September In what was the largest demonstration in months, thousands of people in Sitra marched in the funeral of the 14-year-old boy reportedly killed by a tear-gas attack. Demonstrators held pictures of the boy and chanted, "Down, Hamad, down!" in reference to the Bahraini monarch.
2 September Riot police clashed with demonstrators in suburbs across Manama. Security forces reportedly raided homes and fired shots in majority Shia neighbourhoods, while demonstrators erected barricades and pelted riot police with rocks.
7 September
Bahrain independent commission of inquiry reveals that over 100 jailed activists have been on hunger strike for nine days.
21 September The "Blockade Bahrain" online campaign called for drivers to block the roads into Manama with their cars on 21 September. Protesters managed to slow traffic to a crawl during rush hour but the protest was largely unsuccessful, with delays at the time not noticeably different from normal rush-hour waits.Staff (23 September 2011). "Q&A: Bahrain's By-Elections". BBC News. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
22 September Addressing an opposition rally in Tubli, a village south of Manama, Sheikh Ali Salman, head of the Al Wefaq party said, "when we talk about democracy we want democracy like that of Westminster, France, and America, not the democracy of Saddam Hussein, nor the democracy of Zine El Abidine, nor the democracy of Gadhafi."Said, Samira (23 September 2011). "Clashes Reported on Eve of Bahrain Elections" . CNN. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
23 September
The 14 February Youth Coalition planned protests on 23 and 24 September in an effort to return to the Pearl Roundabout. The protests were timed to coincide with a boycott of the 2011 Bahraini parliamentary by-electionss to replace the 18 Al Wefaq members of parliament who resigned in February. On 23 September, the Coalition announced four staging areas close to the roundabout where protesters were to assemble before attempting the return at 3 pm. One of these locations was the village of Sanabis, where hundreds of protesters left their houses at 3 pm. Police fired tear gas at protesters, who ran into houses for cover. Police allegedly entered one house and tossed a sound grenade next to a cooking gas cylinder, starting a fire, and then tried to prevent people from leaving the burning house. At least seven protesters were treated for third-degree burns according to an Al Jazeera correspondent in Sanabis.
Another staging area was the Bahrain City Center shopping mall. A group of protesters marched through the mall chanting anti-government slogans. Police arrested 55 protesters, including 38 women and 7 girls. That evening, state television broadcast images of the mall protesters, referring to them as "savages," and encouraging viewers to report information that could lead to the arrest of protesters to the Ministry of Interior via an e-mail address displayed onscreen. On social media sites, pictures emerged of women who were arrested at City Center piled on top of each other. The female detainees were reportedly prevented from eating, praying, and contacting their lawyers or families. Lawyers for the detainees visited the Public Prosecution Office, who denied the female detainees were being questioned there. However, the lawyers observed the detainees being moved between floors in the building and managed to talk to some of them. One reportedly had bruises on her face sustained during custody, and police are believed to have beaten many others. Ultimately, sixteen female and four male detainees were charged with participating in a gathering for the purpose of disrupting public order with violence, attacking four policewomen, and publicly inciting hatred against the regime. Two women and two men were acquitted, and the remaining defendants were each sentenced to 6 months imprisonment on 20 October. One of the defendants, a 17-year-old girl suffering from sickle-cell disease was reportedly arrested from her hospital bed to begin her 6-month sentence. The verdicts and punishments were all upheld on appeal on 24 November.
Throughout the day on 23 September, the Ministry of Interior said that five police officers were injured, including one who sustained second-degree burns from a firebomb.
25 September Bahrain held by-elections on 25 September to fill the 18 parliamentary seats left vacant when deputies from the main opposition Al Wefaq party resigned in March 2011. Four seats were won unopposed before votes were cast. The elections were notable as two female candidates became the first two women in Bahrain to win contested parliamentary seats. The elections were boycotted by the Al Wefaq party and other opposition groups. Turnout was recorded at 17.4 percent for the 14 contested districts. The government blamed voter intimidation for low turnout.Staff (26 September 2011). "Fewer Than 1 in 5 Vote in Bahrain By-ElectionsFewer Than One in Five Voters Cast Ballots in Bahraini By-Elections This Weekend, after the Shi'ite Majority in the Gulf Arab State Boycotted the Polls Following the Crushing of a Protest Movement Earlier This Year". Reuters (via Al-Ahram). Retrieved 23 October 2011.
26 September A Bahraini court jailed six men for fifteen years convicted of chopping off the tongue of an Asian muezzin in April 2011. Two others were jailed for ten years in the case. Many Asians complained of attacks by alleged members of the Shiite-community who accuse the Al-Khalifa Sunni ruling-family of naturalising Asian Sunnis to tip the demographic balance in the country.Staff (25 September 2011). "Bahraini Court Jails Shiite Activists". Agence France Presse (via Google News). Retrieved 23 October 2011.