Canadian County, Oklahoma

Canadian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 154,405, making it the fourth most populous county in Oklahoma. Its county seat is El Reno.

The county is named for the Canadian River, which forms part of its southern border. The river may have been named for early European explorers who were fur traders and trappers from New France, or pre-1763 colonial Canada.Oklahoma Historical Society. "Origin of County Names in Oklahoma" , Chronicles of Oklahoma 2:1 (March 1924) 75-82 (retrieved August 18, 2006).

Canadian County is part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.

History In 1859, the United States expelled the Caddo Nation of Louisiana from its Brazos reservation in Texas and relocated it to what would eventually become Canadian County, Oklahoma. Showetat, the last hereditary chief of the Caddo, set up his camp here and is considered Canadian County's first permanent resident. (Union City developed near his camp site.)

The federal government relocated the Wichita tribe to this same part of Indian Territory in 1861. By the Treaty of Medicine Lodge, the United States assigned the land west of the Caddo and Wichita to the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes. They were relocated from Colorado in 1869. The Cheyenne-Arapaho Agency (later renamed the Darlington Agency) was established in 1870.

Canadian County was formed in 1889 as County Four of Oklahoma Territory as part of the Oklahoma Organic Act, which created Oklahoma Territory from part of Indian Territory. It was named after the Canadian River, which runs through the county.

This county was settled by European-Americans after the April 22, 1889, land run, which gave away expropriated Native American land. It was expanded by a second land run in 1892. In 1902, after distribution of communal lands among households of the Cheyenne and Arapaho, their 'surplus' lands were opened to European-American settlement. El Reno was chosen as the county seat over competitors Reno City, Frisco, and Canadian City.

The county was the location of the last great battle of the Cheyenne and Arapaho against United States Army forces.

Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.0%) is water. The county lies mostly within the Red Bed Plains, a subregion of the Osage Plains physiographic region. Its northwestern corner is in the Gypsum Hills. The county is drained by the North Canadian River and the Canadian River, which both flow through the county from northwest to southeast.

According to a study published by the Oklahoma Geological Survey, the North Canadian River drains about 40 percent of the county, the Canadian River drains about 32 percent, and the Cimarron River drains about 27 percent (mostly in the northeastern part of the county). About 1 percent of the county is drained by Sugar Creek, which empties into the Washita River, itself a tributary of the Red River.Mogg, et al., p. 14.

The North Canadian River enters Canadian County near the northwest corner, flows generally southeast towards the middle of the county, then turns southward to leave the county about north of the southeastern corner. The river length is about . The elevation drops from at the entry to about at the exit. Its named tributaries are Sixmile Creek, Fourmile Creek, Purcell Creek, Shell Creek, and Mustang Creek.Mogg, et al., pp. 15-16.

The Canadian River enters the western border of the county about north of the southwest corner at an elevation of and flows southeast about , where it becomes the southern border of the county. Its course within the county is long, and the elevation where it leaves the county is . Named tributaries include Dry Creek and Boggy Creek.Mogg, et al., pp. 17-18.

The Cimarron River does not flow through the county, but drains part of the northeastern area via its tributaries: Kingfisher, Dead Indian, Uncle John, Cottonwood, Soldier, and Deer creeks. The Washita River flows more than south of the county, but drains about in the southwest corner of Canadian County.Mogg, et al., p.18.

Adjacent counties Kingfisher County (north) Logan County (northeast) Oklahoma County (east) Cleveland County (southeast) Grady County (south) Caddo County (southwest) Blaine County (northwest)

Demographics

2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, the county had a population of 154,405. Of the residents, 27.0% were under the age of 18 and 13.5% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 35.9 years. For every 100 females there were 97.7 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 95.9 males.

The racial makeup of the county was 72.9% White, 3.5% Black or African American, 4.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.1% Asian, 4.0% from some other race, and 11.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 10.6% of the population.

There were 56,361 households in the county, of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 22.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 60,434 housing units, of which 6.7% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 74.4% were owner-occupied and 25.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0% and the rental vacancy rate was 10.0%.

By 2021 estimates, there were 54,871 households in the county.

In 2021, its median household income was $76,973 with a poverty rate of 8.2%.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 87,697 people, 31,484 households, and 24,431 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 33,969 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 87.01% White, 2.16% Black or African American, 4.27% Native American, 2.45% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.35% from other races, and 2.72% from two or more races. 3.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of 2000, there were 31,484 households, out of which 39.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.30% were married couples living together, 9.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.40% were non-families. 19.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.10. In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.00% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 30.70% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 9.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.70 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the county was $45,439, and the median income for a family was $51,180. Males had a median income of $35,944 versus $24,631 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,691. About 5.80% of families and 7.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.70% of those under age 18 and 7.20% of those age 65 or over.

Politics Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of January 15, 2024 Party Number of Voters Percentage Republican 58,711 59.24% Democratic 19,974 20.15% Libertarian 1,139 1.15% Unaffiliated 19,284 19.46% Total 99,108 100%

Government and infrastructure The Federal Bureau of Prisons operates the Federal Correctional Institution, El Reno in El Reno, Canadian County."FCI El Reno Contact Information ." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on October 1, 2010.

Economy Agriculture has been a mainstay of the economy since the beginning of non-Indigenous settlement in the late 1800s.

Transportation

Major highways

Airports Clarence E. Page Municipal Airport is a public use airport located in Canadian County, west of the central business district of Oklahoma City, which also owns this airport. Sundance Airpark is a public use airport located in Canadian County, northwest of the central business district of Oklahoma City. This airport is privately owned. El Reno Regional Airport, El Reno, OK

Communities Cities El Reno (county seat) Geary (partly in Blaine County) Mustang Oklahoma City (mostly in Oklahoma County) Piedmont (partly in Kingfisher County) Yukon

Towns Calumet Okarche (partly in Kingfisher County) Union City

Census-designated place Cedar Lake

Other unincorporated communities Four Counties Corner (formerly Lockridge) Scott (partly in Caddo County)

Education

School districts include: - Text list

K-12:

Calumet Public Schools Cashion Public Schools Deer Creek Public Schools El Reno Public Schools Geary Public Schools Hinton Public Schools Lookeba-Sickles Public Schools Minco Public Schools Mustang Public Schools Okarche Public Schools Piedmont Public Schools Union City Public Schools Yukon Public Schools

Elementary: Banner Public School Darlington Public School Maple Public School Riverside Public School

NRHP sites

The following sites in Canadian County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

Avant's Cities Service Station, El Reno Bridgeport Hill Service Station, Geary Bridgeport Hill-Hydro Route 66 Segment, Hydro Canadian County Jail, El Reno Carnegie Library, El Reno Czech Hall, Yukon Darlington Agency Site, El Reno El Reno High School, El Reno El Reno Hotel, El Reno El Reno Municipal Swimming Pool Bath House, El Reno Fort Reno, El Reno William I. and Magdalen M. Goff House, El Reno Jackson Conoco Service Station, El Reno Henry Lassen House, El Reno McGranahan Portion of the Chisholm Trail Roadbed, Yukon vicinity Meloy House, Mustang Mennoville Mennonite Church, El Reno Mulvey Mercantile, Yukon Red Cross Canteen, El Reno Richardson Building, Union City Rock Island Depot, El Reno Southern Hotel, El Reno West Point Christian Church, Yukon Yukon Public Library, Yukon

References

Notes

Canadian County, Oklahoma

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