Muswell Hill is a district of the London Borough of Haringey, in north London, England. The hill, which reaches over above sea level, is situated north of Charing Cross. It has many streets with Edwardian architecture. Neighbouring areas include Highgate, Hampstead Garden Suburb, East Finchley and Crouch End.
History
Ancient Roman presence in the area has been attested to through the discovery of Roman coins near Southwood Lane and Muswell Hill Road.
The earliest records of Muswell Hill date from the 12th century. The Bishop of London, who was the Lord of the Manor of Haringey, owned the area and granted , located to the east of Colney Hatch Lane, to a newly formed order of nuns. The nuns built a chapel on the site and called it Our Lady of Muswell.
The name Muswell is believed to come from a natural spring or well (the "Mossy Well"), said to have miraculous properties. A traditional story tells that Scottish king Malcolm IV was cured of disease after drinking the water. The area became a place of pilgrimage for healing during medieval times. The River Moselle, which has its source in Muswell Hill and Highgate, derives its name from this district; it was originally known as the Mosa or Mosella.Pinching, Albert; Bell, David, Haringey's Hidden Streams Revealed, 2005 Until the 1950s, the town's name was often pronounced "Muzzle Hill".
In the 18th century, Muswell Hill was a scattered village consisting mainly of detached villas with large gardens.Brewer, Beauties of Eng. & Wales, x (5), 213; Ambulator (1820) In 1787, one commentator wrote that nowhere within of London was there a village so pleasant or with such varied views.Ambulator (1787) Little had changed by the middle of the 19th century. One of the houses of the time was The Limes, which occupied the angle of Muswell Hill Road with Colney Hatch Lane; it was a three-storeyed house, with portico and two-storeyed wing, approached by a double carriage drive through impressive gateways. The large grounds of the house extended to Tetherdown and included a lake.Keane, J; Beauties of Middlesex (1850), 148-9; Hornsey library, N. Middlesex. Photo. Soc. no. 632. Opposite The Limes was Muswell Hill pond and, beyond that, the Green Man inn, which was built of stonePostcard in Hornsey library and likely dating to at least 1552. Colney Hatch Lane itself was part of an ancient route from London to the north; it was once known as Muswell Hill Lane.
Further down the hill past the Green Man was The Elms, a squat three-storeyed house, later improved by Thomas Cubitt standing in ; part of the grounds of which were laid out by Joseph Paxton.B.L. Maps Dept., sales parts. (1880). A short distance down the north side of Muswell Hill was The Grove, which was three storeys high and had nine bays, with pedimented projections at each end.A History of the County of Middlesex; by Baker, T.F.T; Elrington, C.R. (editors), Baggs, A.P; Bolton, Diane K;Hicks, M.A; Pugh, R.B. p.33 It stood in of grounds, which contained a avenue of oaks. In 1774, the house was occupied by Topham Beauclerk.Keane, Beauties of Mdx. 239-41; Hornsey Hist. Soc. Bull. Sept. 1975; M.L.R. 1779/5/494; M.R.O., MR/DE Hornsey; Ambulator (1787 and later edns.) The Elms was demolished in 1900 to make way for Dukes Avenue.
19th century
A little farther down the hill stood Grove Lodge, also in wooded grounds.Nicholson, C., Scraps of Hist. of a Northern Suburb of Lond. (1879), 16; sales parts. (1939) in Hornsey library Altogether there were eight properties in Muswell Hill worthy of note in 1817.Hassell, Rides and Walks, i. 194.
Parallel with Muswell Hill was a track known as St James's Lane, which ran across a triangle of wasteland. By the middle of the 19th century, houses were already dispersed along the lane at the foot of which was Lalla Rookh, a two-storeyed villa with a wide verandah.Thorne, Environs, 443-4. Other buildings included cottages or huts, both single and in terraces.Photos. (1935) in Hornsey library; Hornsey Boro. Ann. Rep. of M.O.H. (1930); see also Sherington, Story of Hornsey, 42
It was not until the end of the 19th century that Muswell Hill began to be developed more densely from a collection of country houses to the London suburb that it is today. The development was spurred by the opening in 1873 of Alexandra Palace, a large pleasure pavilion built on the most easterly of north London's gravel hills and intended as the counterpart to the Crystal Palace on Sydenham Hill in south London. Alexandra Palace was served by the Edgware, Highgate and London Railway from and , with intermediary stations at and . The foot of Alexandra Palace was served by another railway line, with connecting services to Finsbury Park and stations.
20th century Most development was initiated in the early 20th century, when the current street pattern was set out and elegant Edwardian retail parades were constructed. The shopping centre is based on roads that form three sides of a square: Fortis Green Road, Muswell Hill Broadway and the extension of the Broadway into Colney Hatch Lane. At each node point is a church: United Reformed, Church of England, Methodist and Roman Catholic; one of the nodes, opposite St James CoE, was also the site of the Athenaeum music hall (later demolished with the site redeveloped as a supermarket), opposite which a surviving art deco Odeon cinema was built in the 1930s. The site of the Ritz, a cinema formerly at the top of Muswell Hill on the next node to the east, has been redeveloped as offices.
The Edgware, Highgate and London Railway was closed in 1954. It had been intended to integrate this route into the London Underground's Northern line, under the Northern Heights plan; some contemporary tube maps (e.g. the 1948 map) showed the line as being under construction. However, this plan was cancelled after the Second World War and the railway line was abandoned. The line was later converted to become the Parkland Walk rail trail.
In 1979, Wetherspoons opened their first pub, on Colney Hatch Lane.
In 2013 and 2020, Muswell Hill was named one of the five most desirable places to live in London in the Sunday Times''' "Best Places To Live" guide.
Governance The hill was part of the Bishop of London's Manor of Hornsey, an area served from the medieval period by the ancient parish of Hornsey. Parishes were originally ecclesiastic in purpose but, from the Tudor era onwards, had a civic as well as ecclesiastical purpose.
In 1903, the area of the civil parish of Hornsey became the Municipal Borough of Hornsey, within the administrative county of Middlesex. Then, in 1965, Hornsey merged with Tottenham and Wood Green to form the modern London Borough of Haringey.
Northern parts of the N10 postal area, sometimes also regarded as part of Muswell Hill, were part of the parish of Friern Barnet, which subsequently became Friern Barnet Urban District before becoming part of the London Borough of Barnet.
The area is in the Hornsey and Friern Barnet parliamentary constituency. The area is part of the Muswell Hill ward for elections to Haringey London Borough Council.
Geography Close to Alexandra Park and Highgate Wood, Muswell Hill's architecture is predominantly Edwardian. Muswell Hill Broadway and Fortis Green Road, the main shopping streets, still maintain their historic character with most of the original facades preserved above street level. The area has a synagogue and six churches, one of which has been converted into a steak house.
Nearest places:
Colney Hatch Crouch End East Finchley Friern Barnet Highgate Hornsey Wood Green.
Education
Primary schools Coppetts Wood Primary School and Children's Centre Coldfall Primary School Eden Primary Hollickwood JMI School Muswell Hill Primary School Norfolk House Preparatory Our Lady of Muswell RC Primary School Rhodes Avenue Primary School St James C of E Primary School Tetherdown Primary School.
Secondary schools Alexandra Park School Fortismere School.
Special schools Blanche Nevile School: for deaf and hearing impaired children, based on the sites of Highgate Primary and Fortismere Schools. TreeHouse School: based at the Pears National Centre for Autism Education.
Transport Railway Muswell Hill is no longer directly served by a National Rail station or the London Underground.
Nearby tube stations include: Northern Line : and Piccadilly Line : , , and .
National Rail services pass to the east of Muswell Hill: Great Northern services call at , and Finsbury Park; destinations include , , , and London Overground () trains on the Suffragette line serve station, between and ; this line runs to the south of Muswell Hill.
The Muswell Hill Metro Group campaigns to reinstate the historic railway line, which ran between Alexandra Palace and Finsbury Park, via Muswell Hill and Highgate. The group says that the line would relieve congestion on local roads and that an electric railway would improve local air quality. Whilst most of the trackbed remains clear, forming the Parkland Walk, it is now blocked in two places by Muswell Hill and St James primary schools.
Buses Muswell Hill Broadway and Muswell Hill Road are served by London Buses, providing the area with direct connections to nearby stations and central London.
+List of bus routes from Muswell HillRoute numberStartEndKey destinations43Friern BarnetLondon BridgeHighgate (), Archway, Islington, Angel, City of London, Bank102Brent CrossEdmonton GreenBounds Green (), East Finchley (), Golders Green134North FinchleyWarren StreetHighgate (), Archway, Kentish Town, Camden Town144Muswell HillEdmonton GreenWood Green234BarnetArchwayEast Finchley ()299Muswell HillCockfostersBounds Green (), Southgate634Muswell HillBarnetWhetstoneW3Finsbury Park ( )Northumberland ParkAlexandra Palace, Alexandra Palace (), Wood Green, TottenhamW7Muswell HillFinsbury Park ( )Crouch End, Crouch Hill ()
Roads The A504 passes east–west through Muswell Hill. Eastbound traffic is carried towards Hornsey, Wood Green and the A10. Westbound destinations include East Finchley, Hendon and the M1.
The A1201 terminates at Muswell Hill. Southbound destinations along this route include Crouch Hill, Finsbury Park and Highbury.
Highgate is to the south of the district and can be reached via Muswell Hill Road. To the north, Colney Hatch, Friern Barnet and Whetstone can be reached via Colney Hatch Lane. Both routes are numbered B550.
The A1 passes to the south of Muswell Hill, carrying traffic southbound towards Archway, Islington and the City of London. To the north, the route crosses the North Circular Road (A406); traffic can reach destinations such as Mill Hill, Watford, Stevenage and Peterborough.
Cycling infrastructure in Muswell Hill is limited. The former London Cycle Network developed two signposted routes through Muswell Hill: Route 6 – an incomplete but signposted route from Barnet to central London, passing through the Broadway on main roads. Route 54 – an unbroken but signposted route to Walthamstow, via Tottenham, following main roads. Between Highgate Wood and Alexandra Palace, the route skirts around the south-eastern edge of Muswell Hill on the Parkland Walk, a rail trail.
The Haringey Cycling Campaign is a local cycling lobby group.
Demography The N10 postal area, which includes parts of Friern Barnet, had a population of 27,992 in the 2011 census.
The same census showed that, in the much smaller Muswell Hill electoral ward of the London Borough of Haringey, 84% of the population was White (65% British, 16% Other, 3% Irish). Both Christian and irreligious were both 40%, while the Jewish population stood at 5.3%.
Places of interest Alexandra Palace Alexandra Park Golf Course Allotments: the largest allotment site in the area The Guy Chester Centre of the Methodist church Muswell Hill Baptist Church, on Dukes Avenue, listed on the National Heritage List for England Oliver Tambo Memorial Statue, at the Albert Road Recreation Ground