The Mantiqueira Mosaic () is a protected area mosaic that contains conservation units in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. The conservation units are of different types and are managed at the federal, state or municipal level. The mosaic provides a level of integrated and coordinated management.
Location
The Serra da Mantiqueira is one of the largest of the mountain ranges of southeastern Brazil, extending over parts of the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. These states produce half the gross domestic product (GDP) of Brazil. Altitudes range from to the Pedra da Mina. The range contains Atlantic Forest vegetation of great ecological importance, including meadows, forest and enclaves of Araucaria angustifolia forest. It supplies water to rivers including the Paraná, Verde, Grande, Jaguari River, Sapucaí, Sapucaí-Mirim and Paraíba do Sul. These are important sources of water for the metropolitan region of São Paulo and most of the state of Rio de Janeiro.
History
A project to create three new protected area mosaics in the Serra do Mar Ecological Corridor began in December 2005, coordinated by the National Council of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve. These were the Bocaina Mosaic, Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic and Mantiqueira Mosaic. Funding was provided by Conservation International, the Fund for the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank.
The Mantiqueira Mosaic was created by decree 351 of 11 December 2006. The Ministry of the Environment gave the mosaics formal structure in March 2007. Their purpose is to give integrated management of different conservation units in a region, including federal, state, municipal and private units, which may be different form of strictly protected or sustainable use unit.
The conservation units within the mosaic are in different stages of development. The fully protected areas are making progress to completing the land regularization process, where the titles of former owners are transferred to the state after compensation. Most of the units have consultative councils, but only a few have developed detailed management plans. The consultative council of the mosaic is composed of managers of the component units, some of whom represent more than one unit, and representatives of civil society.
Extent
The mosaic includes 17 public conservation units and several private natural heritage reserves. It covers about , of which corresponds to the Serra da Mantiqueira Environmental Protection Area. Conservation units include: Unit Level Area (ha) Created StateCachoeira da Fumaça e Jacuba Natural Park Municipal 363 2009 Rio de JaneiroCampos do Jordão Environmental Protection Area State 28,800 1984 São PauloCampos do Jordão State Park State 8,341 1941 São PauloFernão Dias Environmental Protection Area State 180,073 1997 Minas GeraisItatiaia National Park Federal 30,000 1937 Rio de JaneiroMinas GeraisLorena National Forest Federal 249 2001 São PauloMananciais de Campos do Jordão State Park State 503 1993 São PauloMananciais do Rio Paraíba do Sul Environmental Protection Area Federal 336,416 1982 São PauloMinas GeraisRio de Janeiro Passa Quatro National Forest Federal 350 1968 Minas GeraisPedra Selada State Park State 8,036 2012 Rio de JaneiroRio Pombo Nature Park (formerly Serrinha do Alambari Municipal Park) Municipal 6.7 2009 Rio de JaneiroSão Francisco Xavier Environmental Protection Area State 11,559 2002 São PauloSapucaí Mirim Environmental Protection Area State 39,800 1998 São PauloSerra da Mantiqueira Environmental Protection Area Federal 434,108 1985 Minas GeraisRio de JaneiroSão PauloSerra do Papagaio State Park State 22,917 1998 Minas GeraisSerrinha do Alambari Environmental Protection Area Municipal 5,760 1991 Rio de Janeiro On 28 December 2010 the Pedra do Baú Natural Monument was created with , a state conservation unit in the municipality of São Bento do Sapucaí.
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