Events Pre-1600 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary.
1601–1900 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat, the largest battle of the 18th century, is fought in India between the Afghan Durrani Empire under Ahmad Shah Durrani, and the Maratha Empire under Sadashivrao Bhau. 1784 – American Revolutionary War: Ratification Day, United States: Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Britain. 1797 – The Battle of Rivoli is fought with a decisive French victory by Napoleon Bonaparte, marking the beginning of the end of the War of the First Coalition and the start of French hegemony over Italy for two decades. 1814 – Treaty of Kiel: Frederick VI of Denmark cedes the Kingdom of Norway to Charles XIII of Sweden in return for Pomerania. 1858 – Napoleon III of France escapes an assassination attempt made by Felice Orsini and his accomplices in Paris. 1899 – , the largest ship afloat since , is launched. 1900 – Giacomo Puccini's Tosca opens in Rome.
1901–present 1907 – An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000 people. 1911 – Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition makes landfall on the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf. 1939 – Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica. 1943 – World War II: Japan begins Operation Ke, the successful operation to evacuate its forces from Guadalcanal during the Guadalcanal campaign. 1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill begin the Casablanca Conference to discuss strategy and study the next phase of the war. 1951 – National Airlines Flight 83 crashes during landing at Philadelphia International Airport, killing seven passengers and crew. 1952 – NBC's long-running morning news program Today debuts, with host Dave Garroway. 1953 – Josip Broz Tito is elected the first President of Yugoslavia. 1954 – The Hudson Motor Car Company merges with Nash-Kelvinator Corporation forming the American Motors Corporation.; 1957 – Kripalu Maharaj is named fifth Jagadguru (world teacher) after giving seven days of speeches before 500 Hindu scholars. 1960 – The Reserve Bank of Australia, the country's central bank and banknote issuing authority authorized by the 1959 Reserve Bank Act, is established. 1967 – Counterculture of the 1960s: The Human Be-In takes place in San Francisco, California's Golden Gate Park, launching the Summer of Love. 1969 – USS Enterprise fire: An accidental explosion aboard the near Hawaii kills 28 people. 1972 – Queen Margrethe II of Denmark ascends the throne, the first Queen of Denmark since 1412 and the first Danish monarch not named Frederik or Christian since 1513. 1973 – Elvis Presley's concert Aloha from Hawaii is broadcast live via satellite, and sets the record as the most watched broadcast by an individual entertainer in television history. 1993 – Sinking of the MS Jan Heweliusz: In Poland's worst peacetime maritime disaster, ferry MS Jan Heweliusz sinks off the coast of Rügen, drowning 55 passengers. 2010 – Yemen declares an open war against the terrorist group al-Qaeda. 2016 – Multiple explosions reported near the Sarinah Building, Jakarta, followed by shootout between perpetrators and the police, killing seven people. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility. 2019 – A Saha Airlines Boeing 707 crashes at Fath Air Base near Karaj in Alborz Province, Iran, killing 15 people. 2024 – Queen Margrethe II abdicates as Queen of Denmark and is succeeded by her son, Frederik X. 2026 – Thirty-two people are killed when a crane falls onto a passenger train in Sikhio district, Thailand.
Births
Pre-1600 83 BC – Mark Antony, Roman general and politician (died 30 BC) 1131 – Valdemar I of Denmark (died 1182) 1273 – Joan I of Navarre, queen regnant of Navarre, queen consort of France (died 1305) 1451 – Franchinus Gaffurius, Italian composer and theorist (died 1522) 1477 – Hermann of Wied, German archbishop (died 1552) 1476 – Anne St Leger, Baroness de Ros, English baroness (died 1526) 1507 – Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal (died 1578) 1507 – Luca Longhi, Italian painter (died 1580) 1551 – Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, Grand vizier of emperor Akbar (died 1602) 1552 – Alberico Gentili, Italian-English academic and jurist (died 1608)
1601–1900 1683 – Gottfried Silbermann, German instrument maker (died 1753) 1684 – Johann Matthias Hase, German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (died 1742) 1684 – Jean-Baptiste van Loo, French painter (died 1745) 1699 – Jakob Adlung, German organist, historian, and theorist (died 1762) 1700 – Picander, German poet and playwright (died 1764) 1702 – Emperor Nakamikado of Japan (died 1737) 1705 – Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, French sailor, explorer, and politician (died 1786) 1741 – Benedict Arnold, American-British general (died 1801) 1749 – James Garrard, American farmer, Baptist minister and politician (died 1822) 1767 – Maria Theresa of Austria (died 1827) 1780 – Henry Baldwin, American judge and politician (died 1844) 1792 – Christian de Meza, Danish general (died 1865) 1793 – John C. Clark, American lawyer and politician (died 1852) 1798 – Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Dutch historian, jurist, and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the Netherlands (died 1872) 1800 – Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, Austrian composer, botanist, and publisher (died 1877) 1806 – Charles Hotham, English-Australian soldier and politician, 1st Governor of Victoria (died 1855) 1806 – Matthew Fontaine Maury, American astronomer, oceanographer, and historian (died 1873) 1818 – Zachris Topelius, Finnish author and journalist (died 1898) 1819 – Dimitrie Bolintineanu, Romanian poet and politician (died 1872) 1820 – Bezalel HaKohen, Russian rabbi (died 1878) 1824 – Vladimir Stasov, Russian critic (died 1906) 1834 – Duncan Gillies, Scottish-Australian politician, 14th Premier of Victoria (died 1903) 1836 – Henri Fantin-Latour, French painter and lithographer (died 1904) 1841 – Berthe Morisot, French painter (died 1895) 1845 – Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, English politician, 34th Governor-General of India (died 1927) 1849 – Frank Cowper, English yachtsman, author and illustrator (died 1930)Staff writer (1907). "Cowper, Frank, M.A Ox." Who's Who (UK). A & C Black, London. p. 399 1850 – Pierre Loti, French captain and author (died 1923) 1856 – J. F. Archibald, Australian journalist and publisher, co-founded The Bulletin (died 1919) 1861 – Mehmed VI, Ottoman sultan (died 1926) 1862 – Carrie Derick, Canadian botanist and geneticist (died 1941) 1863 – Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa, Portuguese general and politician, 10th President of Portugal (died 1929) 1863 – Richard F. Outcault, American author and illustrator (died 1928) 1869 – Robert Fournier-Sarlovèze, French polo player and politician (died 1937) 1870 – George Pearce, Australian carpenter and politician (died 1952) 1875 – Albert Schweitzer, French-German physician and philosopher, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1965) 1882 – Hendrik Willem van Loon, Dutch-American historian and journalist (died 1944) 1883 – Nina Ricci, Italian-French fashion designer (died 1970) 1886 – Hugh Lofting, English author and poet, created Doctor Dolittle (died 1947) 1887 – Hugo Steinhaus, Polish mathematician and academic (died 1972) 1892 – Martin Niemöller, German pastor and theologian (died 1984) 1892 – Hal Roach, American actor, director, and producer (died 1992) 1892 – George Wilson, English footballer (died 1961) 1894 – Ecaterina Teodoroiu, Romanian soldier and nurse (died 1917) 1896 – John Dos Passos, American novelist, poet, and playwright (died 1970) 1897 – Hasso von Manteuffel, German general and politician (died 1978) 1899 – Carlos P. Romulo, Filipino soldier and politician, President of the United Nations General Assembly (died 1985)
1901–present 1901 – Bebe Daniels, American actress (died 1971) 1901 – Alfred Tarski, Polish-American mathematician and philosopher (died 1983) 1904 – Cecil Beaton, English photographer, painter, and costume designer (died 1980) 1904 – Emily Hahn, American journalist and author (died 1997) 1904 – Babe Siebert, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 1939) 1905 – Mildred Albert, American fashion commentator, TV and radio personality, and fashion show producer (died 1991) 1905 – Takeo Fukuda, Japanese politician, 67th Prime Minister of Japan (died 1995) 1905 – Sterling Holloway, American actor (died 1992) 1906 – William Bendix, American actor (died 1964) 1907 – Georges-Émile Lapalme, Canadian lawyer and politician (died 1985) 1908 – Russ Columbo, American singer, violinist, and actor (died 1934) 1909 – Brenda Forbes, English-American actress (died 1996) 1909 – Joseph Losey, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1984) 1911 – Anatoly Rybakov, Russian-American author (died 1998) 1912 – Tillie Olsen, American short story writer (died 2007) 1914 – Harold Russell, Canadian-American soldier and actor (died 2002) 1914 – Selahattin Ülkümen, Turkish diplomat (died 2003) 1915 – Mark Goodson, American game show producer, created Family Feud and The Price Is Right (died 1992) 1919 – Giulio Andreotti, Italian journalist and politician, 41st Prime Minister of Italy (died 2013) 1919 – Andy Rooney, American soldier, journalist, critic, and television personality (died 2011) 1920 – Bertus de Harder, Dutch footballer and manager (died 1982) 1921 – Murray Bookchin, American author and philosopher (died 2006) 1921 – Kenneth Bulmer, American author (died 2005) 1921 – Ken Sailors, American basketball player (died 2016) 1922 – Hank Biasatti, Italian-Canadian baseball and basketball player (died 1996) 1922 – Diana Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington (died 2010) 1923 – Gerald Arpino, American dancer and choreographer (died 2008) 1923 – Fred Beckey, American mountaineer and author (died 2017) 1924 – Carole Cook, American actress and singer (died 2023) 1924 – Guy Williams, American actor (died 1989) 1925 – Jean-Claude Beton, Algerian-French engineer and businessman, founded Orangina (died 2013) 1925 – Moscelyne Larkin, American ballerina (died 2012) 1925 – Yukio Mishima, Japanese author, poet, and playwright (died 1970) 1926 – Frank Aletter, American actor (died 2009) 1926 – Warren Mitchell, English actor and screenwriter (died 2015) 1926 – Tom Tryon, American actor and author (died 1991) 1927 – Zuzana Růžičková, Czech harpsichord player (died 2017) 1928 – Lars Forssell, Swedish author, poet, and songwriter (died 2007) 1928 – Hans Kornberg, German-English biologist and academic (died 2019) 1928 – Garry Winogrand, American photographer and author (died 1984) 1929 – Peter Barkworth, English actor (died 2006) 1930 – Johnny Grande, American pianist and accordion player (died 2006) 1930 – Kenny Wheeler, Canadian-English trumpet player and composer (died 2014) 1931 – Frank Costigan, Australian lawyer and politician (died 2009) 1931 – Martin Holdgate, English biologist and academic 1931 – Caterina Valente, Italian-French singer and dancer (died 2024) 1932 – Don Garlits, American race car driver and engineer 1933 – Stan Brakhage, American director and producer (died 2003) 1934 – Richard Briers, English actor (died 2013) 1934 – Pierre Darmon, French tennis playerJoseph Siegman (2020). Jewish Sports Legends; The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame 1934 – Alberto Rodríguez Larreta, Argentinian race car driver (died 1977) 1936 – Clarence Carter, American blues and soul singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer (died 2026) 1937 – J. Bernlef, Dutch author and poet (died 2012) 1937 – Ken Higgs, English cricketer and coach (died 2016) 1937 – Leo Kadanoff, American physicist and academic (died 2015) 1937 – Rao Gopal Rao, Indian actor, producer, and politician (died 1994) 1937 – Sonny Siebert, American baseball player 1937 – Billie Jo Spears, American country singer (died 2011) 1938 – Morihiro Hosokawa, Japanese journalist and politician, 79th Prime Minister of Japan